| Nutrient Name: | 蛋白质 Protein |
| Nutrient Category: | 大量营养素 (Macronutrients) |
| Measuring Unit: | g |
| 蛋白质是人体细胞结构的基础。蛋白质对许多身体过程极为重要,例如作为酶、荷尔蒙的产生、营养素的载运、血液凝结、体液平衡、酸碱平衡、免疫反应(抗体)以防止病毒感染、以及眼睛视力。蛋白质也为身体提供卡路里(“能量”)。 | |
Nutrient Function作为结构材料:
作为酶:
作为荷尔蒙:
作为营养素的载体:
作为抗体:
凝血过程中的作用:
作为能量和葡萄糖的来源:
蛋白质是由20种氨基酸链在一起组成的。每个人体内蛋白质的氨基酸序列都是独特的。 蛋白质氨基酸序列的指示是基于DNA。
身体酶将膳食蛋白质消化并分解成单独的氨基酸和氮。然后身体用这些氨基酸制造自己需要的蛋白质。所以膳食蛋白质不等同于身体蛋白质。 有些氨基酸进入肠细胞用作能量,有些从肠道穿过细胞膜运输到周围的液体中,用以合成所需的物质。过量的氨基酸被脱氨成氨(NH3)和酮酸。两个氨与一个二氧化碳结合在一起,形成尿素,并通过尿液排出。 |
|
|
Example Foods High in: 蛋白质 Protein |
|||
| Food Description | Nutrient Amount1 | Daily Value%2 | |
|
|
Beef, round, bottom round, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 1/8" fat, all grades, cooked, braised
Category: 牛肉食品
|
32.76 g | 65.52% |
|
|
Pork, fresh, loin, tenderloin, separable lean only, cooked, broiled
Category: 猪肉食品
|
30.42 g | 60.84% |
|
|
Chicken, broiler or fryers, breast, skinless, boneless, meat only, cooked, braised
Category: 家禽食品
|
32.1 g | 64.20% |
|
|
Fish, tuna, fresh, bluefin, cooked, dry heat
Category: 鱼类和贝类产品
|
29.91 g | 59.82% |
|
|
Cheese, parmesan, low sodium
Category: 乳制品和蛋制品
|
41.6 g | 83.20% |
|
|
Egg, whole, cooked, fried
Category: 乳制品和蛋制品
|
13.61 g | 27.22% |
|
|
Soybeans, mature cooked, boiled, without salt
Category: 豆类和豆类产品
|
18.21 g | 36.42% |
|
|
Peanuts, all types, oil-roasted, without salt
Category: 豆类和豆类产品
|
28.03 g | 56.06% |
|
|
Oats (Includes foods for USDA's Food Distribution Program)
Category: 谷物和面食
|
16.89 g | 33.78% |
Additional Nutrient Information |
|
Deficiency Health Impacts
蛋白质缺乏已被证明会影响所有器官和许多身体系统和功能,包括脑功能、肾功能、免疫系统和营养吸收能力。从身体特征来看,蛋白质缺乏可能导致身体一部分的水肿、生长缓慢、肌肉组织差、皮肤暗淡以及头发稀疏和脆弱。为了防止蛋白质缺乏,请确保按照相应年龄组的每日推荐摄入量摄入足够的蛋白质。此外,为了防止“蛋白质能量营养不良”,您应该保持良好的能量卡路里来源平衡。对于成年人,是:
卡路里计算通用公式: 碳水化合物 x 4 + 蛋白质 x 4 + 脂肪 x 9 |
|
Exceed Upper Limit Health Impacts
目前没有足够的数据以确定总蛋白质的可耐受摄入量上限 (UL)。没有证据表明来自食物的通常量或甚至大量摄入蛋白质的氨基酸会带来任何风险。但是,对于氨基酸饮食补充剂,在使用任何单一的氨基酸饮食补充剂时,如果量明显高于通常在食物中的量时,请保持谨慎。注意:摄入大量蛋白质可能引起的问题:
|
|
External References
|
|
Additional Information
9 种必需的氨基酸:Histidine 组氨酸 Isoleucine 异亮氨酸 Leucine 亮氨酸 Lysine 赖氨酸 Methionine 蛋氨酸 Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸 Threonine 苏氨酸 Tryptophan 色氨酸 Valine 缬氨酸 |
| Daily Value Age Group | Recommended Daily Values | |
| Toddler 1 to 3 years old: | 13 g | |
| Child 4 to 8 years old: | 19 g | |
| Male 9 to 13 years old: | 34 g | |
| Male 14 to 18 years old: | 52 g | |
| Male 19 to 30 years old: | 56 g | |
| Male 31 to 50 years old: | 56 g | |
| Male 51 to 70 years old: | 56 g | |
| Male Senior 71 or older: | 56 g | |
| Female 9 to 13 years old: | 34 g | |
| Female 14 to 18 years old: | 46 g | |
| Female 19 to 30 years old: | 46 g | |
| Female 31 to 50 years old: | 46 g | |
| Female 51 to 70 years old: | 46 g | |
| Female Senior 71 or older: | 46 g | |
| Female Pregnancy (>18): | 71 g | |
| Female Lactation (>18): | 71 g | |
| FDA (Based on 2000 calorie daily diet): | 50 g |
| 蛋白质 Protein Interactions With Other Nutrients | |
| 镁 Magnesium, Mg |
Adequate protein intakes (not too much or too little) can improve magnesium absorption and retention
The amount and type of protein intake impacts magnesium absorption.
|
|
The nutrient Dietary Reference Intakes and nutrition facts is from Institute of Medicine of National Academies 2006. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11537 |
|
Nutrition facts knowledge are based on U.S. FOOD & DRUG Administration Nutrition Education Resources & Materials. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/interactivenutritionfactslabel/ |
|
Nutrition facts knowledge are based on National Institutes of Health Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all |
| Disclaimer | The nutrient information provided here should not take the place of medical advice. We encourage you to talk to your healthcare providers (such as your doctor) about your dietary requirements which are best for your overall health. We also recommend you to read organization or professional reference documents or articles mentioned, but not limited to, in this page. Any mentions and reference links in this page don't represent our endorsement of their services and advice. |