| Nutrient Key Information | |||
| Nutrient Name: | 碳水化合物 Carbohydrate, by difference | ||
| Nutrient Category: | 碳水化合物和糖类 (Carbohydrates) | ||
| Measuring Unit: | g | ||
| Nutrient Summary: |
碳水化合物为身体提供卡路里(“能量”) (每克碳水化合物产生4卡路里)。碳水化合物包括: • 糖 Sugar (单糖 monosaccharides) • 淀粉 Starches (多糖 polysaccharides) • 纤维 Fibers (多糖 polysaccharides) |
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| Nutrient Function: |
碳水化合物是由碳、氧和氢排列成单糖或多个单糖的化合物。葡萄糖 Glucose 是一种多糖 polysaccharides,它是人体细胞cells、组织tissues和器官organs(例如大脑和肌肉)的主要能量来源,尤其是大脑和中枢神经系统。 • 糖 Sugar: 糖的主要来源是水果、蜂蜜和一些蔬菜。 它们含有果糖(一种单糖),它们在体内转化为葡萄糖。 • 淀粉 Starches: 淀粉的主要来源是谷物、豆类、块茎和块根作物。 身体消化功能将淀粉(一种多糖)水解为葡萄糖。大多数在小肠,部分在肝脏,被分解和吸收。 • 纤维 Fibers: 纤维是植物茎、树干、根、叶和皮的结构。 纤维是一种多糖,然而,人体消化酶不能分解它们的单糖之间的键。 所以纤维产生的能量很少或不产生。 血液中的葡萄糖传输给大脑、神经系统、和其它细胞组织。多余的葡萄糖转存于肝脏和肌肉中,肝脏中存储的葡萄糖(糖原glycogen)是作为备用。当肝脏和肌肉存满葡萄糖后,剩下的血液中的葡萄糖转化为脂肪Fat存储在身体的脂肪组织中。 |
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Example Foods High in: 碳水化合物 Carbohydrate, by difference |
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| Food Description | Nutrient Amount1 | Daily Value%2 | |
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Sugars, powdered
Category: 甜食
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99.77 g | 36.28% |
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Corn bran, crude
Category: 谷物和面食
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85.64 g | 31.14% |
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Honey
Category: 甜食
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82.4 g | 29.96% |
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Flour, rice, glutinous
Category: 谷物和面食
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80.1 g | 29.13% |
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Raisins, golden, seedless
Category: 水果和果汁
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80.02 g | 29.10% |
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Flour, wheat, all-purpose, enriched, bleached
Category: 谷物和面食
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77.3 g | 28.11% |
| Additional Nutrient Information | |
| Nutrient Summary |
碳水化合物为身体提供卡路里(“能量”) (每克碳水化合物产生4卡路里)。碳水化合物包括: • 糖 Sugar (单糖 monosaccharides) • 淀粉 Starches (多糖 polysaccharides) • 纤维 Fibers (多糖 polysaccharides) |
| Deficiency Health Effects | 有一种担心是低碳水化合物饮食的长期影响可能会导致骨矿物质流失、高胆固醇血症、尿石症风险增加、中枢神经系统发育和功能受损、和无法提供足够的糖原储备。 |
| Effects if Above Upper Limit | 关于过度摄入碳水化合物的潜在不利影响的数据不是很明确。一种担心是过度食用糖和淀粉会引起龋齿和增加肥胖风险。高血糖量值会增加患糖尿病的风险。 |
| External References |
• 美国国家科学院、工程院、医学院出版的书籍: Dietary Reference Intakes • 美国FDA网站: Interactive Nutrition Facts Label - Total Carbohydrate • 营养科学书籍: Understanding Nutrition by Ellie Whitney and Sharon Rady Rolfes • Harvard Health Publishing 文章:Glycemic index for 60+ foods |
| Additional Information | 美国农业部国家标准参考营养数据库 (SR) 中食物的总碳水化合物值定义为 100 与水water、蛋白质protein、总脂质total lipid、灰分ash和酒精含量alcohol content之和的差值。 |
| Daily Value Age Group | Recommended Daily Values | |
| Toddler 1 to 3 years old: | 130 g | |
| Child 4 to 8 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male 9 to 13 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male 14 to 18 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male 19 to 30 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male 31 to 50 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male 51 to 70 years old: | 130 g | |
| Male Senior 71 or older: | 130 g | |
| Female 9 to 13 years old: | 130 g | |
| Female 14 to 18 years old: | 130 g | |
| Female 19 to 30 years old: | 130 g | |
| Female 31 to 50 years old: | 130 g | |
| Female 51 to 70 years old: | 130 g | |
| Female Senior 71 or older: | 130 g | |
| Female Pregnancy (>18): | 175 g | |
| Female Lactation (>18): | 210 g | |
| FDA (Based on 2000 calorie daily diet): | 275 g |
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The nutrient Dietary Reference Intakes and nutrition facts is from Institute of Medicine of National Academies 2006. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11537 |
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Nutrition facts knowledge are based on U.S. FOOD & DRUG Administration Nutrition Education Resources & Materials. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/interactivenutritionfactslabel/ |
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Nutrition facts knowledge are based on National Institutes of Health Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all |
| Disclaimer | The nutrient information provided here should not take the place of medical advice. We encourage you to talk to your healthcare providers (such as your doctor) about your dietary requirements which are best for your overall health. We also recommend you to read organization or professional reference documents or articles mentioned, but not limited to, in this page. Any mentions and reference links in this page don't represent our endorsement of their services and advice. |